In den Gassen und auf Wegen und Plätzen wimmelte es vom Mittelalter bis in die Frühe Neuzeit von wild gewordenem Vieh; viele der meist ausgehungerten Kreaturen gingen ohne Vorwarnung zum Angriff über. Reihenweise kamen dabei Personen zu Schaden. Den Tätern wurde wie Menschen der Prozess gemacht. Dazu gehörte eine förmliche Anklage. In lateinischer Sprache wurde den Delinquenten mit Pfoten und Hufen die Anklageschrift vorgelesen. Auch ein Verteidiger wurde den Vierbeinern zur Seite gestellt. Anschließend erfolgte die Zeugenbefragung, eine Verhandlung und ein formeller Urteilsspruch bis hin zur Urteilsvollstreckung. Der früheste bekannte Fall trug sich 1266 in einer Gegend bei Paris zu: Ein Schwein war über ein Kind hergefallen und wurde zur Strafe verbrannt. – Universitär gebildete Juristen betrieben die Prozesse mit großer Ernsthaftigkeit und Akribie. Die Tierprozesse waren die Erfindung überambitionierter Juristen, die dem jungen Fach der Jurisprudenz Geltung verschaffen wollten. In ihrem Bestreben, alles Treiben auf Erden dem Gesetz zu unterwerfen, waren diese Pioniere der Rechtsprechung geradezu „Allmachtsfantasien“ verfallen – unter anderem mit der Forderung „auch das Tierreich dem Recht untertänig zu machen“. Wer nicht spurte oder sich gar der Durchsetzung der Gesetze widersetzte, geriet rasch selbst in Nöte. So wurden 1395 in Burgund zwölf Menschen bestraft, weil sie sich der Exekution von Schweinen verweigert hatten.
Angeklagte Sau: Kinder totgebissen
Den Menschen dieser Zeit steckte stets die „Angst vor der göttlichen Rache“ in den Knochen. In dieser Bedrängnis zeigte sich die katholische Kirche hilfsbereit und ging mit Tierbannungen und Exorzismen gegen schädliche Nager und Insekten vor. In Verhandlungen vor kirchlichen Gerichten bot man Mäusen und Heuschrecken dann Ersatzgrundstücke an. Sogar Fristen für den Abzug sollten dabei abgesprochen werden. Im Jahre 1492 griffen die Regierenden des Schweizer Kantons Uri auf eine mit päpstlichen Segen erteilte „feierliche priesterliche Verfluchung“ zurück, um den Befall der Ernte mit Käferlarven zu bannen. Es ging dabei einzig und allein um die Erfüllung des biblischen Auftrags an die Menschheit, sich die Erde untertan zu machen. Das geradezu kindliche Bedürfnis, Tiere für ihre Missetaten zu bestrafen, fand in Einzelfällen sogar noch in jüngster Vergangenheit Befriedigung. Im Jahre 1916 wurde der Zirkuselefant Mary an einen Kran gehängt und stranguliert, weil er den Kopf eines Trainers zerquetscht hatte. Mehr Glück war dem Hund „Taro“ beschieden, der einem Mädchen in die Lippe gebissen hatte. Für diese Tat wurde der Übeltäter von einem US-Gericht zum Tode verurteilt. 36 Monate saß Taro in einem Gefängnis von New Jersey, ehe er begnadigt wurde. das war im Jahre 1994.
Gehängter Elefant Mary 1916
Frank Thadeusz, Schweine vor Gericht (Auszug), Geschichte, Bis in die Frühe Neuzeit wurden Tiere in Schauprozessen abgeurteilt und anschließend hingerichtet. Historiker rätseln über den Sinn dieser bizarren Rechtspraxis. #DERSPIEGEL, Wissenschaft, Nr. 36 / 1.9.2018
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